天体物理学 > 天体物理学仪器和方法
[2026年10月19日提交]
标题：AI和科学常识的附文
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摘要：科学文献可视为"信息公域："一种无形资源，"无人拥有，人人共享". 了解这种公有物的经济和政治框架早已确立，从工业化前英国等地发现的农业公有物获得的历史中逐渐形成。 这篇文章提供了一个关于历史和这些框架的入门，认为信息公用和悠久领域之间的一个关键区别：虽然信息公用是坚固的，非常有价值的 -- 有些是称，可以排在人类最伟大的成就中 -- -- 英国农业公用设施已不再有意义。 后者的消失不是因为众所周知的"公地的愤怒"，而是一种被称为"围城运动(~1600-1800)"的现象，将公地的获得转变为私有财产。 当时和现在，许多观察家认为，附文是社会规模的盗窃。 文章认为，人工智能(AI)确切地提供了必要的工具，能够对共同信息进行以前不可行的封闭。 虽然AI启用的附文运作不完全相同 t o 物理封存，它分享了将公地变为私人财富和破坏支持公地的社会制度(通过"垃圾邮件")的关键特征。 本条提出的概念可为审问预言中的如下感觉提供学术依据：AI可能不仅代表着打砸砸砸的，而且代表着对整个生活方式的攻击。
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Astrophysics > Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
[Submitted on 19 Oct 2026]
Title:AI and The Enclosure of the Scientific Commons
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Abstract:The scientific literature can be viewed as an "information commons:" an intangible resource that "no one owns and is shared by everyone." There are well-established economic and political frameworks for understanding such commons, emerging from the history of agricultural common lands found in places like preindustrial England. This article provides a primer on the history and these frameworks, and considers a key difference between the information commons and the fields of yore: while information commons are robust and immensely valuable --- some can be said to rank among humanity's greatest achievements --- the English agricultural commons no longer meaningfully exist. The latter are gone not because of the well-known "tragedy of the commons," but rather a phenomenon known as the enclosure movement (~1600--1800) that transformed the common lands into private property. Many observers, then and now, judge enclosure to have been theft at a societal scale. This article argues that artificial intelligence (AI) provides precisely the tools needed to enable a previously-infeasible enclosure of the information commons. Although AI-enabled enclosure does not operate identically to physical enclosure, it shares the key features of turning the commons into private wealth and undermining the social systems that support them (via "slop spam"). The concepts presented in this article can provide a scholarly basis for interrogating the foreboding feeling that AI may represent not just a smash-and-grab, but an attack upon a whole way of life.
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