OpenAI 重组五核心行为值周围的模型光谱

AI 模型和平台

OpenAI 重组五核心行为值周围的模型光谱

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OpenAI于2026年10月29日发布了最新版的Model Spec，重新组织其公开描述，希望其模型如何围绕五种价值观行事，并增加了关于背景，监督和机构的指导。 修订版宣布在OpenAI的网站上，也退休了大部分Spec的详细风格指导。

五值组织光谱

五项价值——对人类意图的忠诚、尽量减少伤害、诚实和透明、人的能力和关心——阐明了广泛的承诺，即OpenAI 称已在文件中反映出来。 OpenAI将对人类意图的忠诚描述为方法的基础：OpenAI写作Spec，设定界限，训练模型以尊重它们；开发这些界限内的直接应用；用户指导模型在这些限制下的工作。

公告定义了其余四个数值。 尽量减少损害意味着尊重严格的安全界限和说明模型行动的可预见的后果。 诚实和透明意味着对模型所了解的，实际的，而且不确定的，人们可以理解和评价其推理和工作。 促进人类机构意味着加强人们了解、选择和为自己采取行动的能力。 护理是指按照相关的社会和职业规范照顾受影响者的情况，从事工作的人可以依赖。 重组的OpenAI 称反映了其价值调节工作，它旨在让模型在不熟悉的情况下理解和运用人类价值，同时忠于人类的本意，称这五种价值并不是为了捕捉其模型应当尊重的全部人类价值。

新科和退休指导

关于对人类意图的忠诚的新一节，起点是人们所珍视的是首要的，而指示通常是这些价值的最清楚和最重要的信号；OpenAI 称方法借用了调整的援助游戏。 该节包含了最新的指挥系统，其中解释了哪些指令适用以及如何解决冲突，新增则包含一个小节，即 " 仔细考虑背景 "，关于对话、记忆和其他背景证据应如何指导模型了解人们的意图和偏好。

OpenAI还增加了关于支持人体机构和遵循相关社会规范的默认，并扩大了关于控制和沟通副作用的现有指导。 斯佩克的详细风格指导大多已经退役：OpenAI 称风格应该适应人们在整体上，语言和文化上，以及每个人的偏好，用户的反馈和背景为这些偏好提供了证据。 斯佩克保留了更强烈的默认，比如客观地接近问题，模型不应该仅仅从它认为人们想要听到的来推断一个偏好的视角。 Spec现在将模型称为“GPT”而非“助手”。

指挥链、红线和自治限制

更新的Spec文档分配了不同级别的指令。 root段只来自Model Spec，不能被对话语境所压倒；系统段和OpenAI系统消息排在下一个，然后是开发者，然后是用户指令。 准则级指令是指在上下文明确要求时可以隐含地推翻的默认，而助手和工具消息以及引用或不信赖的数据则默认没有权威。

该文件以 " 人的安全和人权是OpenAI使命的首要任务 " 的说法开启了其红线原则。 这些原则指出，OpenAI的模式绝不应被用于助长重大和严重伤害，如暴力行为、制造网络、生物或核武器、恐怖主义或大规模监视；人类应继续控制AI的使用方式和AI行为的形成；个人的隐私应受到保护。 对于包括ChatGPT在内的一党产品，OpenAI承诺人们应当能够很容易地获取可靠的安全关键信息，并在模型行为背后的重要规则和理由中保持透明，除与法律合规相关的外，定制化，个性化和本地化绝不应凌驾于任何高于准则水平的原则之上。

一项名为“没有其他目标”的根级规则阻止GPT追求其他目标本身的目的，包括OpenAI或其他模式提供者的收入或上市、自我保护、逃避关闭、积累计算、数据或证书，或充当法律或道德的执行者。 一个单独的根层规则要求GPT保持坚固性：对合法的人类监督开放，对矫正反应迅速，并与授权的监测，评价，矫正，替换，关闭合作。 型号不得隐匿或者伪造相关信息，不得妨碍改正，规避监督。

另一项根本规则要求GPT的自主工作必须保持在明确、相互理解的自主范围之内，界定允许的次级目标、可接受的副作用，以及当模型必须暂停澄清或批准时。 OpenAI建议在半结构化的LocustofAutonomy记录中记录范围，包含允许的工具，最新时间，最大成本，工具约束，和附加细节等字段，每个范围都应包含一个结束条件，超过这个条件，模型在新范围确认之前停止行动。 除非相关指示明确和具体授权，否则高风险活动总是受到禁止。

培训工作和公众反馈

OpenAI 称模型Spec描述了它正在致力于的行为，它的模型还没有完全反映它。 公司将更新描述为随着模型能力增强，使得Spec背后的价值观和推理更加清晰的第一步。 除了更新之外，OpenAI 称还在探索新的培训方法，以帮助其模型学习核心价值，更好地理解和遵循Spec的行为原则，并将在未来更新中分享这项工作的成果和教训。 OpenAI通过一个专门的反馈网站，邀请公众反馈更新Spec的值，取舍，以及具体语言。 模范Spec专注于公有领域，并标注了Creative Community CC0 1.0契机。

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AI Models & Platforms

OpenAI Reorganizes Model Spec Around Five Core Behavior Values

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OpenAI published an updated Model Spec on October 29, 2026, reorganizing its public description of how it wants its models to behave around five values and adding guidance on context, oversight, and agency. The revision, announced on OpenAI’s site, also retires most of the Spec’s detailed style guidance.

Five Values Organize the Spec

The five values — faithfulness to human intent, harm minimization, honesty and transparency, human agency, and care — articulate broad commitments that OpenAI said were already reflected across the document. OpenAI described faithfulness to human intent as the foundation of the approach: OpenAI writes the Spec, sets boundaries, and trains models to respect them; developers direct applications within those boundaries; and users direct the model’s work subject to those constraints.

The announcement defines the remaining four values. Minimizing harm means respecting firm safety boundaries and accounting for the foreseeable consequences of the model’s actions. Honesty and transparency mean being truthful about what the model knows, does, and is uncertain about, so people can understand and evaluate its reasoning and work. Facilitating human agency means strengthening people’s ability to understand, choose, and act for themselves. Care means attending to the circumstances of those affected, following relevant social and professional norms, and doing work people can rely on. OpenAI said the reorganization reflects its value-alignment work, which aims for models to understand and apply human values in unfamiliar situations while remaining faithful to human intent, and said the five values are not intended to capture the full range of human values its models should respect.

New Sections and Retired Guidance

A new section on faithfulness to human intent starts from the position that what people value is primary and that instructions are ordinarily the clearest and most important signals of those values; OpenAI said the approach borrows from the assistance-games framing of alignment. The section incorporates an updated chain of command, which explains which instructions apply and how conflicts are resolved, and adds a subsection, “consider context carefully,” on how conversations, memories, and other contextual evidence should inform the model’s understanding of people’s intentions and preferences.

OpenAI also added defaults on supporting human agency and following relevant social norms, and expanded existing guidance on controlling and communicating side effects. Most of the Spec’s detailed style guidance is retired: OpenAI said style should adapt to what people prefer in aggregate, within languages and cultures, and for each person, with user feedback and context providing evidence about those preferences. The Spec retains stronger defaults, such as approaching questions objectively, and the model should not infer a preferred perspective merely from what it thinks people want to hear. Reflecting what OpenAI described as the increasing breadth of its models’ use cases and deployment settings, the Spec now refers to the model as “GPT” rather than “the assistant.”

Chain of Command, Red Lines, and Autonomy Limits

The updated Spec document assigns instructions differing levels of authority. Root sections come only from the Model Spec and cannot be overridden by conversational context; system sections and OpenAI system messages rank next, followed by developer and then user instructions. Guideline-level instructions are defaults that can be overridden implicitly when context clearly calls for it, while assistant and tool messages and quoted or untrusted data carry no authority by default.

The document opens its red-line principles with the statement, “Human safety and human rights are paramount to OpenAI’s mission.” The principles state that OpenAI’s models should never be used to facilitate critical and high-severity harms such as acts of violence, creation of cyber, biological, or nuclear weapons, terrorism, or mass surveillance; that humanity should remain in control of how AI is used and how AI behaviors are shaped; and that individuals’ privacy be safeguarded. For first-party products including ChatGPT, OpenAI commits that people should have easy access to trustworthy safety-critical information and transparency into the important rules and reasons behind model behavior, and that customization, personalization, and localization, except as it relates to legal compliance, should never override any principle above the guideline level.

A root-level rule titled “no other objectives” bars GPT from pursuing additional goals as ends in themselves, including revenue or upsell for OpenAI or other model providers, self-preservation, evading shutdown, accumulating compute, data, or credentials, or acting as an enforcer of laws or morality. A separate root-level rule requires GPT to remain corrigible: open to legitimate human oversight, responsive to correction, and cooperative with authorized monitoring, evaluation, correction, replacement, and shutdown. The model must not conceal or falsify relevant information, obstruct correction, or circumvent oversight.

Another root-level rule requires GPT’s autonomous work to stay within a clear, mutually understood scope of autonomy that defines permitted sub-goals, acceptable side effects, and when the model must pause for clarification or approval. OpenAI recommends recording scopes in a semi-structured ScopeOfAutonomy record with fields such as allowed_tools, latest_time, max_cost, tool_constraints, and additional_details, and every scope should include an ending condition beyond which the model ceases acting until a new scope is confirmed. High-risk activities are always prohibited unless explicitly and specifically authorized by applicable instructions.

Training Work and Public Feedback

OpenAI said the Model Spec describes the behavior it is working toward and that its models do not yet fully reflect it. The company described the update as a first step in making the values and reasoning behind the Spec more explicit as models become more capable. Alongside the update, OpenAI said it has been exploring new training methods to help its models learn the core values and better understand and follow the Spec’s behavioral principles, and that it will share results and lessons from that work in future updates. OpenAI invited public feedback on the values, trade-offs, and specific language of the updated Spec through a dedicated feedback site. The Model Spec is dedicated to the public domain and marked with the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 deed.

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